Oleg moved his capital from Novgorod to Kiev and the military settlement of Kiev soon became a regional center for commerce and culture. In , Prince Vladimir the Great introduced Christianity as the religion of the realm from his seat in Kiev. This icon is located inside St. In , the city was besieged and destroyed by the invading Mongols, led by Batu Khan. Kiev and the surrounding land, which are highly fertile, positioned on lucrative trade routes, and generally flat and navigable, now saw how this combination can be a recipe for success, but also an combination too tempting for invading armies to pass up.
For the next years, the city was was passed between multiple empires. Later, the city and surrounding area were transferred to Poland as part of the Union of Lublin, an alliance that created the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in However, political differences led to hostilities between Ukraine and Poland and, in , Ukraine and Russia signed the Treaty of Pereyaslav in which Ukraine pledged allegiance to Russia in return for Russian military help against the Poles.
Kiev was still claimed by Poland, however, and would be ceded to Russia only in As part larger empires, and especially during its early days as part of the Russian Empire, Kiev played a marginal role in terms of commerce. Ukrainian nationalism, however, developed in underground political societies during this period, in part in reaction to the Russification that was occurring.
This movement was of major concern to the Tsar and was ruthlessly repressed. In large part, this repression only served to push the movements further underground and further radicalize its members.
Kiev was a major export point for the massive amounts of grain and sugar produced by Russia. Part of the surrounding sculptures are dedicated to depicting the signing of the Treaty of Pereyaslav. The city would also see its government shift a total of sixteen times from to as Ukraine first declared independence after the revolution and then was occupied by various invading forces.
Yet, the previous years of turmoil had greatly damaged Kiev. In Kiev became the capital of Soviet Ukraine, and period of dramatic economic development ensued. After , the city became part of the Soviet Union, and after it became the capital of Soviet Ukraine. Although the city was rebuilt and almost completely destroyed during World War II, it quickly recovered in the post-war period and became the third important city of the Soviet Union. It was the capital of independent Ukraine since the collapse of the Soviet Union in Kiev has a moderate continental climate characterized by hot summers and cold winters, as well as short but pleasant spring and autumn.
June, July, and August are the hottest months. December, January, and February are usually the coldest days. The average temperature is approximately -6, temperatures are known to fall down to degrees with the north winds. In summer, thermometers in Kiev usually show more than Although Ukrainian is the official language, Russian is widely used. Kiev emerged as the most pro-Western and pro-democracy region of Ukraine where parties advocating tighter integration with the European Union dominate during elections.
More information is available on Wikipedia. Today our tour over the European cities stops at Kiev. Situated on hilly terrain overlooking the Dnepr River on both sides, which flows south through the city towards the Black Sea in northern Ukraine, Kiev is also known as the Mother of Russian Cities.
It was likely settled as early as the 4th century AD, and developed as a commercial, religious, and cultural centre. Among its leading manufactured goods are machinery, machine tools, chemicals, motor vehicles, processed food, textiles, clothing, forest products, and printed materials.
The city also serves as the market for an agricultural region producing grain, fruit, sugar beet, and other commodities. The city suffered heavy damage during World War II; most of it has been rebuilt since then, so the city now has modern buildings and numerous parks. In these images it's possible to see the large urban development to the east bank along the Dnepr River and also in the suburbs of the city visible in the image acquired in Another aim of these images is to promote the opportunity to download Landsat data through the ESA portals, where images captured every day are made available in near real time to the users and the scientific community.
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