Go to accessible site Close modal window. Don't need the accessible version of this site? Hide the accessibility button Close modal window. Accessibility View Close toolbar. T2 and Coronary Arteries Your cardiovascular system, quite simply, keeps your body running.
Pericardium Your pericardium is a sac that contains your heart and your important veins and arteries such as your vena cavita, pulmonary veins and arteries, and aorta. Newsletter Sign Up! Office Hours Our General Schedule. The thoracic spine has 12 nerve roots T1 to T12 on each side of the spine that branch from the spinal cord and control motor and sensory signals mostly for the upper back, chest, and abdomen.
The thoracic spine highlighted spans the upper and mid-back. It includes twelve vertebrae named T1 through T Each thoracic spinal nerve is named for the vertebra above it. For example, the T3 nerve root runs between the T3 vertebra and T4 vertebra. There are 12 thoracic spinal nerve root pairs two at each thoracic vertebral level , starting at vertebral level T1-T2 and going down to TL1.
Each thoracic nerve root exits the spinal canal through a bony hole, called an intervertebral foramen. This bony hole is formed by two adjacent vertebrae, and its size and shape can slightly shift as the vertebrae move. See Vertebrae in the Vertebral Column. After branching from the spinal cord and traveling through the foramen, a thoracic nerve root branches into two different nerve bundles that feed into the nerves at the front ventral ramus and back dorsal ramus of the body.
At the T1 through T11 levels, the ventral ramus eventually becomes an intercostal nerve that travels along the same path as the ribs specifically between the innermost and internal intercostal muscles that connect adjacent ribs. The first eight segments of the thoracic spine connect to the rib cage and control the trunk of the body. The thoracic region of the spinal column is made up of 12 segments referred to as T1 - T It is located in the middle of the spine between the cervical and lumbar levels.
The 12 thoracic vertebrae which make up this section of the spine connect directly to the rib cage. Nerve roots exit the spinal column at each vertebral level of the spine.
The nerves and spinal cord at the thoracic level communicate with the central parts of the body. Though thoracic spinal injuries are severe, they will rarely cause death. The T1 vertebra is the first of twelve vertebrae of the thoracic spinal column. Since each descending vertebra is larger than the one before it to support the greater weight, thoracic vertebra T1 is the smallest vertebra of the thoracic region. The T2 vertebra is the second vertebra in the thoracic spinal column.
It is slightly larger than the T1 vertebra, but smaller than the T3 vertebra. The T2 vertebra has faceted sides that allow the vertebra to press up against the ribs. The T3 vertebra is the third segment of the twelve thoracic vertebrae. Since it descends from the T2 vertebra, it is slightly larger than the two previous thoracic vertebrae. The T4-T8 vertebrae make up the rest thoracic vertebrae before the thoracic vertebrae T9 - T With the exception of T4, which affects both the chest and abdomen, these vertebrae primarily control abdominal muscles.
The T4 and T5 vertebrae are the most commonly injured thoracic vertebrae. The thoracic vertebrae T1 is located in the upper part of the back. The T2 vertebra is a member of the thoracic vertebrae column, located between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar spinal vertebrae.
As the second descending thoracic vertebra, the T2 vertebra is located below T1 and above T3. The T3 vertebra is located between the T2 and T4 vertebrae. Approximately, the distance between the skull and the T3 vertebra is one-third of the way down the spinal column. The T4 - T8 vertebrae are located between the T3 and T9 vertebrae and help to make up the thoracic vertebrae column.
The thoracic vertebrae region slopes inward between the cervical and lumbar vertebrae regions. The T8 vertebrae can be located in the middle of this inward slope. The T8 vertebrae is at the same level as the xiphoid process — i. A T1 vertebra injury may result in moderate to severe neck pain and upper back pain.
If the first rib is injured, there may be difficulty breathing. Additional T1 vertebra pain symptoms may include numbness in the forearm or hand, or weakness in the hands, fingers and wrists. Since the T2 vertebra helps control the heart, T2 vertebra pain symptoms may include chest pain, as well as heart trouble and a disruption in cardiac rhythm. The T3 vertebra controls the lungs and bronchial tubes, as well as other chest muscles.
Symptoms of a T3 vertebra injury include breathing difficulties, asthma, cough, as well as ailments such as bronchitis, influenza, and pneumonia. The T4 vertebra has nerves controlling the gallbladder and common duct, though it does affect the lungs and bronchial tubes additionally.
As a result, T4 pain symptoms can show themselves through gallbladder trouble, gallstones, and jaundice. Since the T5 - T8 vertebrae control abdominal muscles, pain symptoms for one of these vertebrae will manifest themselves through abdominal pain.
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