The recommended method to install wget on Mac is with Homebrew. Convert the links in the HTML so they still work in your local version. To be a good citizen of the web, it is important not to crawl too fast by using --wait and --limit-rate.
This is extracting your entire site and can put extra load on your server. When using the dotted retrieval, you may also set the style by specifying the type as dot:style.
Different styles assign different meaning to one dot. With the " default " style each dot represents 1 K , there are ten dots in a cluster and 50 dots in a line. The " binary " style has a more "computer"-like orientation: 8 K dots, dots clusters and 48 dots per line which makes for K lines.
The " mega " style is suitable for downloading very large files; each dot represents 6 4K retrieved, there are eight dots in a cluster, and 48 dots on each line so each line contains 3 M.
Note that you can set the default style using the progress command in. That setting may be overridden from the command line. The exception is that, when the output is not a TTY, the " dot " progress is favored over " bar ". Turn on time stamping. Output file has a timestamp matching remote copy; if file already exists locally, and remote file is not newer, no download occurs.
Don't set the local file's timestamp by the one on the server. By default, when a file is downloaded, its timestamps are set to match those from the remote file, which allows the use of --timestamping on subsequent invocations of wget. However, it is sometimes useful to base the local file's timestamp on when it was downloaded; for that purpose, the --no-use-server-timestamps option is provided.
When invoked with this option, wget behaves as a web spider , which means it does not download the pages, only checks that they are there. For example, you can use wget to check your bookmarks: wget --spider --force-html -i bookmarks.
Set the network timeout to seconds seconds. This option is equivalent to specifying --dns-timeout , --connect-timeout , and --read-timeout , all at the same time. When interacting with the network, wget can check for timeout and abort the operation if it takes too long.
This prevents anomalies like hanging reads and infinite connects. The only timeout enabled by default is a second read timeout. Setting a timeout to 0 disables it altogether.
Unless you know what you are doing, it is best not to change the default timeout settings. All timeout-related options accept decimal values, and subsecond values. For example, 0. Subsecond timeouts are useful for checking server response times or for testing network latency.
Set the DNS lookup timeout to seconds seconds. DNS lookups fail if not completed in the specified time. By default, there is no timeout on DNS lookups, other than that implemented by system libraries. Set the connect timeout to seconds seconds. TCP connections that take longer to establish are aborted. By default, there is no connect timeout, other than that implemented by system libraries.
Set the read and write timeout to seconds seconds. Reads fail if they take longer. The default value for read timeout is seconds. Limit the download speed to amount bytes per second. The amount may be expressed in bytes , kilobytes with the k suffix , or megabytes with the m suffix. This option is useful when, for whatever reason, you don't want wget to consume the entire available bandwidth.
Note that wget implements the limiting by sleeping the appropriate amount of time after a network read that took less time than specified by the rate. Eventually this strategy causes the TCP transfer to slow down to approximately the specified rate. However, it may take some time for this balance to be achieved, so don't be surprised if limiting the rate doesn't work well with very small files.
Wait the specified number of seconds between the retrievals. Use of this option is recommended, as it lightens the server load by making the requests less frequent. Instead of in seconds, the time can be specified in minutes using the m suffix, in hours using h suffix, or in days using d suffix.
Specifying a large value for this option is useful if the network or the destination host is down, so that wget can wait long enough to reasonably expect the network error to be fixed before the retry. The waiting interval specified by this function is influenced by --random-wait see below.
If you don't want wget to wait between every retrieval, but only between retries of failed downloads, you can use this option. By default, wget assumes a value of 10 seconds. Some websites may perform log analysis to identify retrieval programs such as wget by looking for statistically significant similarities in the time between requests. Specify download quota for automatic retrievals. The value can be specified in bytes default , kilobytes with k suffix , or megabytes with m suffix.
Note that quota never affects downloading a single file. The same goes even when several URLs are specified on the command-line. However, quota is respected when retrieving either recursively , or from an input file.
Thus you may safely type wget -Q2m -i sites ; download is aborted when the quota is exceeded. Setting quota to 0 or inf unlimits the download quota.
Turn off caching of DNS lookups. Normally, wget remembers the addresses it looked up from DNS so it doesn't have to repeatedly contact the DNS server for the same often small set of addresses it retrieves. This cache exists in memory only; a new wget run contacts DNS again. However, it was reported that in some situations it is not desirable to cache hostnames, even for the duration of a short-running application like wget.
With this option wget issues a new DNS lookup more precisely, a new call to " gethostbyname " or " getaddrinfo " each time it makes a new connection. Please note that this option does not affect caching that might be performed by the resolving library or by an external caching layer, such as NSCD. Characters that are restricted by this option are escaped , i.
By default, wget escapes the characters that are not valid as part of file names on your operating system, and control characters that are unprintable. This option is useful for changing these defaults, either because you are downloading to a non-native partition, or because you want to disable escaping of the control characters.
The modes are a comma-separated set of text values. The acceptable values are unix , windows , nocontrol , ascii , lowercase , and uppercase. The values unix and windows are mutually exclusive one overrides the other , as are lowercase and uppercase. Those last are special cases, as they do not change the set of characters that would be escaped, but rather force local file paths to be converted either to lower or uppercase. This option is the default on Unix-like OSes.
Therefore, an URL that would be saved as www. This mode is the default on Windows. If you specify nocontrol , then the escaping of the control characters is also switched off.
This option may make sense when you are downloading URLs whose names contain UTF-8 characters , on a system that can save and display filen ames in UTF-8 some possible byte values used in UTF-8 byte sequences fall in the range of values designated by wget as "controls". The ascii mode is used to specify that any bytes whose values are outside the range of ASCII characters that is, greater than shall be escaped. This mode can be useful when saving file names whose encoding does not match the one used locally.
Force connecting to IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. Conversely, with --inet6-only or -6 , wget only connects to IPv6 hosts and ignore A records and IPv4 addresses. Neither options should be needed normally. Also, see " --prefer-family " option described below. These options can deliberately force the use of IPv4 or IPv6 address families on dual family systems, usually to aid debugging or deal with broken network configuration.
Only one of --inet6-only and --inet4-only may be specified at the same time. Neither option is available in wget compiled without IPv6 support. When given a choice of several addresses, connect to the addresses with specified address family first. The address order returned by DNS is used without change by default. This avoids spurious errors and connect attempts when accessing hosts that resolve to both IPv6 and IPv4 addresses from IPv4 networks.
For example, www. When the preferred family is " IPv4 ", the IPv4 address is used first; when the preferred family is " IPv6 ", the IPv6 address is used first; if the specified value is " none ", the address order returned by DNS is used without change. Unlike -4 and -6 , this option doesn't inhibit access to any address family, it only changes the order in which the addresses are accessed. Also, note that the reordering performed by this option is stable; it doesn't affect order of addresses of the same family.
That is, the relative order of all IPv4 addresses and of all IPv6 addresses remains intact in all cases. Consider "connection refused" a transient error and try again. Normally, wget gives up on a URL when it cannot connect to the site because failure to connect is taken as a sign that the server is not running at all and that retries would not help.
This option is for mirroring unreliable sites whose servers tend to disappear for short periods of time. These parameters can be overridden using the --ftp-user and --ftp-password options for FTP connections and the --http-user and --http-password options for HTTP connections.
Prompt for a password for each connection established. Cannot be specified when --password is used, because they are mutually exclusive.
To resume the download, pass the -c option. Note that this will only work if you run this command in the same directory as the incomplete file:. Up until now, you have only downloaded files in the foreground. Next, you will download files in the background. Run the command below to download a random image of a dog from Pixabay in the background:.
When you download files in the background, Wget creates a file named wget-log in the current directory and redirects all output to this file. If you wish to watch the status of the download, you can use the following command:. Until this point, we have assumed that the server that you are trying to download files from is working properly. You can use Wget to first limit the amount of time that you wait for the server to respond and then limit the number of times that Wget tries to reach the server.
If you wish to download a file but you are unsure if the server is working properly, you can set a timeout by using the -T option followed by the time in seconds.
You can also set how many times Wget attempts to download a file after being interrupted by passing the --tries option followed by the number of tries. If you would like to try indefinitely you can pass inf alongside the --tries option:. In this section, you used Wget to download a single file and multiple files, resume downloads, and handle network issues.
In the command above, the - after the -O option means standard output, so Wget will send the output of the URL to the terminal instead of sending it to a file as you did in the previous section. Notice the line where it says HTTP request sent, awaiting response If that is too much output you can use the -q option that you learned in the previous section to restrict the output to the results of the GET request:.
Wget lets you send POST requests by running a command that looks like the following:. You set the method to delete , and set the post you want to delete to 1 in the URL. In the next section, you will learn how to send multiple header fields in order to create and manage a Droplet in your DigitalOcean account. In this section, you will apply what you learned in the previous section and use Wget to create and manage a Droplet in your DigitalOcean account.
But before you do that, you will learn how to send multiple headers fields in a HTTP method. You can have as many headers fields as you like by repeating the --header option as many times as you need. To create a Droplet or interact with any other resource in the DigitalOcean API, you will need to send two request headers:. You already saw the first header in the previous section. The second header is what lets you authenticate your account. With the command above, you have created an ubuntux64 Droplet in the nyc1 region named Wget-example with 1vcpu and 1gb of memory, and you have set the tag to Wget-tutorial.
For more information about the attributes in the body-data field, see the DigitalOcean API documentation. If you see an output similar to the one above that means that you have successfully created a Droplet. Use the command:. Instead of having to start from scratch, wget can resume downloading where it stopped before the interruption.
This is a useful feature if there is a lost of connection while downloading a file. For instance, you may want to install a Mumble Server on Linux and suddenly lose internet connection while downloading the installation file.
To continue downloading, type in the command:. First, create and open a file under the name MultipleDownloads. In this case, we used Nano:. With wget you can download an entire website from the internet, using the -m option. It prompts wget to create a mirror of the specified webpage. The basic command for doing so is:. To download the RPM package manager in the background, type:. You can set how many times wget attempts to download a file after being interrupted by a bad network with:.
You can also set the number to infinity with the values 0 or inf , as in the following example:. If it does not identify an authentic certificate, it refuses to download.
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