Oesophageal varices are enlarged veins in the lower part of the food pipe oesophagus. They bleed, but do not usually cause any pain. They're often caused by alcoholic-related liver disease. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease GORD is where acid leaks out of the stomach and up into your food pipe oesophagus. These conditions may also cause you to have blood in your poo, which can make it look black and like tar. Page last reviewed: 04 October Next review due: 04 October Vomiting blood haematemesis.
Vomiting blood haematemesis could be a sign of a serious problem. The amount and colour of blood can vary. For example: you may have vomited large amounts of bright red blood there may be streaks of blood in your vomit, mixed with food there may be what look like coffee grounds in your vomit, which means the blood has been in your stomach for a few hours Keep a small sample of the vomit to show a GP or the doctor treating you.
Depending on the amount of blood lost, you may need a blood transfusion. A blood transfusion replaces your lost blood with donor blood. The blood is fed into your vein through an IV line. You might also require fluid to be given through an IV to rehydrate your body. Your doctor may prescribe medication to stop the vomiting or to decrease stomach acid. If you have an ulcer, your doctor will prescribe medications to treat it.
In certain more severe cases of upper GI bleeding, your doctor may refer you to a gastroenterologist. The gastroenterologist may perform an upper endoscopy to not only diagnose but also treat the source of the bleeding. In severe cases, such as stomach or bowel perforation , surgery may be needed. Severe cases may also include a bleeding ulcer or internal injuries. Some foods and beverages increase the likelihood of vomiting blood.
These include but are not limited to highly acidic foods and alcoholic beverages. If you regularly consume these foods or beverages, your doctor can help you create a special diet to decrease this risk.
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If you or someone you are with feel weak, faint or in any way unwell, having vomited some blood, you should call If you feel well, you should still go to your nearest emergency department. If you are not sure it was blood that you vomited, seek advice from your GP or GP out of hours service urgently. If you are vomiting blood, the amount and colour of blood can vary. For example:. If possible, keep a small sample of the vomit to show the doctor treating you.
It will give them a much better idea of what's wrong. Unless you're well and the cause is obvious to your GP or doctor — for example, swallowing blood from a nosebleed — you should be admitted to hospital straight away for tests.
These will include blood tests and an endoscopy. An endoscopy involves examining the inside of your digestive tract with a thin, flexible tube that has a light and camera at one end.
If you vomit blood, it means there's bleeding somewhere in your oesophagus the tube linking your mouth to your stomach , stomach or the first part of your small intestine duodenum. Below is a summary of the most likely causes of blood in the vomit.
It's a rough guide that should give you a better idea of the problem. If you vomit blood and also have a burning or gnawing pain in your tummy, the most likely causes are a stomach ulcer or severe inflammation of the stomach lining gastritis.
Oesophageal varices are enlarged veins in the walls of the lower part of the oesophagus tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. They bleed, but don't usually cause any pain. They're often caused by alcoholic liver disease. If your GP or doctor thinks oesophageal varices are the cause of blood in your vomit, you'll need to be admitted to hospital immediately.
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