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Other offers may also be available. Interest will be charged to your account from the purchase date if the balance is not paid in full within 6 months. The scanning electron micrographs of samples A2, A3, A4 and A5 showed a behavior that is similar to the one presented by sample A1, that is, the separation of phase with a fibrillar and ball shaped second phase, however, some differences were observed, such as the presence of aluminum in the sample A3 and PET in A4 and A5, as observed in the Figures 7 7B, respectively.
It may be noted that the amount of balls or wires has decreased. The scanning electron micrograph of sample A6 plastic filter of the capsule is presented in Figure 8. It was observed, in this in case, the complete absence of a second phase elastomeric , and a typical fracture of PP submitted to the impact Izod. In Figure 9 , an image a and a spectrum b of analysis by EDS are presented, and a typical second phase particle present in the PP matrix was analyzed.
It can be observed through the EDS spectrum that this material is full of oxygen atoms, as well as carbon. This analysis comes together and corroborates the possibility that this second phase is an elastomeric material. Other parts that presented the second phase were also analyzed, and, in all analyzes, it was possible to identify the presence of oxygen, what did not occur in the analysis of the PP matrix.
They are in coincidence with results to A1 sample. Some researches stated that the enhancement of thermal stability of the PP in nanocomposites can be attributed to their higher degree of crystallinity [ 27 27 Maiti, P. Macromolecules, 35 6 , Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 5 , A reasonable explanation to the higher thermal stability of impure PP is that the presence of aluminium in contact with PP could inhibit the degradation of polypropylene and catalyze the formation of carbonaceous char on the surface, significantly improving the thermal stability.
As observed in Table 4 , there was a small gain of water weight in all the samples, not exceeding 0. The sample which presented a lower water absorption was A6, followed by A5 and A1, a fact that was already expected for the samples A6 and A1, since A6 is composed exclusively of PP and A1 presents mostly PP, and the process of water absorption is probably related to the presence of aluminum, PET and defects created by these materials in the PP matrix.
The stress-strain curves typical of the six samples analyzed by the tensile testing are shown in Figure Similar behavior is clearly observed in relation to the tensile strength in the six samples; however, the maximum strain varies greatly. As it deals with blends or even composites, if elastomeric, aluminum and PET phases are considered as materials that interfere with the mechanical properties of the PP matrix, the interface and the adhesion between the phases and reinforcement mechanisms influenced the mechanical properties causing variations in those ones.
These variations are evident in Table 5 , which presents values obtained from the tensile test versus strain for the six samples. Samples A3 and A4 showed the largest differences in relation to the average Young's Modulus values of all samples, what may be a consequence of the poor interaction between the matrix phase, polypropylene and the dispersed phase, aluminum, in the case of sample A3.
However, for the A4 sample, the increase in the amount of PET and aluminum was predominant in the Young's Modulus properties, with a significant increasing in the value, even when compared to the sample with pure PP. It is possible to observe that all the samples had similar behavior in relation to the limit of tensile strength, showing that both the variation of the amount of the dispersed phase and the type of materials present did not significantly have an influence on this characteristic.
This uniformity was not repeated in the other parameters. It is possible to verify different yield points, in which sample A6 presents the highest index, a consequence of the higher degree of crystallinity, and samples A2 and A3 with the worst indexes, a consequence of the presence of aluminum and PET. To the ductility and toughness properties, it can be observed that samples A1 and A6 stand out positively, because they present larger relative quantities on polypropylene.
Rio de Janeiro: LTC. Variables, such as the length and diameter of the extruder screw, thread profile and temperature used in the processing, may cause changes in material behavior. In this case, the presence of the aluminum and PET, may have had an influence on this characteristic; however, its effect was not clear. All samples presented increased impact resistance when compared to pure PP sample A6. In this case, both the presence of elastomeric phase, aluminium and PET may have contributed to the absorption of impact energy and blocking of the process of crack propagation, improving the characteristics of impact strength of the materials, comparing to the expected results for polypropylene [ 12 12 Jmal, H.
The results of the chemical, physical, thermal, and morphological characterizations showed that the main constituent material of the body of the disposable capsules is the polypropylene. The mechanical characterization of the material obtained by mixing the recyclable materials of the disposable capsules showed that the polypropylene filter and the body of the capsule are the most interesting materials to be recycled, and those present good properties.
The materials resulting from the mixture of all the constituent parts of the disposable capsule presented decreased mechanical properties compared to the samples composed only of the capsule or the PP filter, what is probably a consequence of the poor interactions between the polymer matrix and aluminum and PET.
However, depending on the final application, all the material can be used in a process which reduces time and labor for the separation of the aluminum and the lid from the rest of the capsule parts. Abrir menu Brasil. Abrir menu. Experimental Section 2. Figure 1 a Body, b Lid, c Aluminum filter and d Plastic filter of the disposable capsules. Table 1 Composition of the test specimens concerning their mass. Table 2 Angles of the crystalline planes of the samples A1 to A6.
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